Transcription and Translation(Blogg 15)

Transcription is the process of making RNA from DNA. During the transcription process the DNA sequence is read by RNA polymerase which then makes a new RNA strand.These are the steps in transcription:

1. DNA unwinds/"unzips"
2. The nucleotides of the RNA, pair with DNA bases.
3. RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms.
4. Hydrogen bonds of the untwisted RNA+DNA "ladder" and the RNA is separated.
5. If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA is further processed...

Translation is when messenger RNA  produced by transcription is decoded by the ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain or polypeptide.

RNA (blogg 14)

RNA is also known as Ribonucleic Acid. RNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides. The nucleotide sequence allows RNA to encode genetic information. Unlike DNA, RNA is a single helix. Some RNA molecules play an active role in cells by catalyzing biological reactions like proteins. RNA can be considered an enzyme because of this. There are different types of RNA and they all have a different uses. For example mRNA helps during protein synthesis and tRNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome. DNA and RNA are similar in that they both have sugar ribose and they have three of the same bases.

DNA (Blogg 13)

DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA is also known as Deoxyribonucleic acid ;DNA is like a blueprint because it has the instructions to construct other proteins and RNA basically cell components. The DNA structure is a double helix made of sugars and phosphate. It also has bases Adenine, Guanine, Citosine, ans Thymine. Transcription is the process of of reading the code by coping stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA. DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell ; it is supercoiled. thats basically what I learned.

Mitosis and Meiosis(Blogg 12)

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages prophase, prometaphase ,metaphase ,anaphase ,and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter nuclei.Meiosis is a two stage type division in sexually  reproducing organisms that result in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell. Mitosis happens in asexual organisms and Meiosis happens in sexual organisms.In mitosis the process goes as followed interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.In meiosis is the same name but different because its for a sexual organism... we also did a lab on this where we had to count the cells in the processes....it was an easy lab except for counting the cells... that was frustrating

Enzymes(blogg 11)

Enzymes are protein molecules that catalyze specific metabolic reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed thats what we learned this week! An enzyme has a substrate that fits to the enzymes like a puzzle piece.Some enzymes change shape after binding to a substrate, improving the fit between the enzyme and the substrate.The role of an enzyme is to make the chemical reaction faster ,so that the reaction doesnt take forever to complete.Enzymes can be effected by temperature and pH's.When the shape of an enzyme is altered it is called Denaturation.We also did a lab based  on enzymes in which we established baselines and did titration.

Give me more on that Photosynthesis!!(blogg 10)

Photosynthesis has two photosystems...Photosystem two capture photons to excite electrons to power the electron transport chain and produce ATP also help power photosystem one.Phtosystem one captures protons to exite electons it combines this energy with other energy from photosystems 2 and makes NADPH.The light reation is the photo part and what the chlorophyll is for.The calvin cycle is the synthesis part.Each cycle produces 1 G3P(sugar).....yay photosynthesis!!!(I love sugar)

Photosynthesis(blogg 9)

Plants go through a process called photosynthesis.Photosynthesis is the reverse reaction of cellular respiration. This process requires light energy most likely light from the sun. What causes photosynthesis is the organelle in plants called chloroplast.The function of the chloroplast is to ultimately split water molecules apart and add the hydrogen to CO2.The basic requirements for photosynthesis is sunlight, CO2 , and water. The process that photosynthesis and cellular respiration have in common is a process called chemiosmosis....and that's the 4-1-1 on Photosynthesis..ta da!!